Indolinone derivatives

ABSTRACT

Compounds of formula (I)  
                 
 
in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  have the meanings given in the specification, are receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors useful in the treatment of proliferative disorders, such as cancer.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/343,746, filed Dec. 27, 2001 and U.S. Provisional Application No.60/343,813, filed Dec. 27, 2001, the entire disclosures of which areincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel indolinone derivatives useful aspharmaceuticals, to processes for preparing the compounds, tointermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds, topharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and to the use ofthe compounds as pharmaceuticals.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

WO 96/40116 disclose that certain pyrrole substituted 2-indolinonederivatives are receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors useful in thetreatment of conditions responsive to receptor tyrosine kinaseinhibitors, for example proliferative disorders such as cancer. Apreferred compound, disclosed on page 17, is3-(2,3-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylene]-2-indolinone, also known asSU5416. Unfortunately, this compound has been found to exhibit poorsolubility in water and low bioavailability upon oral and intravenousadministration.

WO 99/61422 discloses further pyrrole substituted 2-indolinonederivatives as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A preferredcompound, disclosed as compound 5 on page 214, is3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propionicacid, also known as SU6668. This compound has been found to possesssuperior oral activity to SU5416, but has been reported to lack theability of that compound to inhibit the receptor tyrosine kinase Flt-3(Abstract 497, Anne-Marie O'Farrell et al., America Society ofHematology Meeting, Orlando, Fla., USA, Dec. 7-11, 2001). Flt-3 is animportant target for a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, especially for thetreatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), because about 30% of AMLpatients have been found to possess mutant forms of Flt-3 which lead toconstitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of Flt-3 (Levis et al., Blood, 1Aug., 2001, Vol. 98. No. 3, pp 885-887).

WO 01/60814 discloses pyrrole substituted 2-indolinone derivativesbearing certain amido substituents directly attached to the pyrrole ringas receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

WO 02/055517 discloses indolinones substituted with aryl substituents atthe 4 position which exhibit protein kinase modulating ability.

WO 01/42243 discloses that certain compounds containing two or morepyrrole substituted 2-indolinone groups covalently linked togetherthrough the 3 position on each pyrrole by one or more linker groups arealso useful as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Nonetheless, in view of the severity of conditions responsive toreceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and of the recent identification ofspecific kinase inhibitor targets, a need exists for new receptortyrosine kinase inhibitors with diverse properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Pyrrole substituted 2-indolinone derivatives bearing certaincarboxamidoethyl groups at the 4 position on pyrrole have now been foundthat are inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases with particularlydesirable properties.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I):

in which:

(i) R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; and R²represents a group of formula -A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which each of R⁵ and R⁶independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group and A¹represents (CH₂)_(m), (CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ inwhich m is an integer of from 2 to 10, each of n and p is an integer offrom 1 to 6, A² is CH═CH, phenylene, biphenylene, cyclohexylene orpiperazinylene and q is 1, 2 or 3;

(ii) R¹ and R² together represent -A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴independently represents (CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r isan integer of from 2 to 6, s is 1, 2 or 3, and R⁷ represents a hydrogenatom or a (1-4C)alkyl group;

(iii) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached represent a piperidinyl group, which piperidinyl group bears asubstituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ at the 4 position, in which A⁵ represents(1-4C)alkylene and R⁸ represents piperidin-4-yl; or

(iv) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached represent a pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholino group; and

R³ and R⁴ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom,a (1-4C)alkyl group, a (1-4C)alkoxy group, a phenyl group which isunsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents selectedindependently from a halogen atom, a (1-4C)alkyl group and a(1-4C)alkoxy group, a group of formula R⁹S(O)₂NR¹⁰—, a group of formulaR¹¹N(R¹²)S(O)₂—, a group of formula R¹³C(O)N(R¹⁴)— or a group of formulaR¹⁵N(R¹⁶)C(O)— in which each of R⁹, R¹¹, R¹³ and R¹⁵ independentlyrepresents a (1-4C)alkyl group or a phenyl group which is unsubstitutedor substituted by one or two substituents selected independently from ahalogen atom, a (1-4C)alkyl group and a (1-4C)alkoxy group, and each ofR¹⁰, R¹², R¹⁴ and R¹⁶ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a(1-4C)alkyl group;

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

Compounds of formula (I) have been found to be potent and selectiveinhibitors of one or more of the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFR(platelet-derived growth factor), c-Kit, VEGFR (vascular endothelialgrowth factor) and Flt-3 in whole cell assays.

The invention also provides compounds of formula (Ia):

wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl;

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising acompound of the invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereofand a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.

In addition, the invention provides a method of treating a conditionresponsive to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, the method comprisingadministering to a patient in need of treatment an effective amount of acompound of the invention.

Further, the invention provides a compound of the invention as describedherein for use in medical therapy, as well as the use of a compound ofthe invention in the manufacture of a formulation or medicament fortreating a disease or condition responsive to a tyrosine kinaseinhibitor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present invention provides novel pyrrole substituted 2-indolinederivatives which are substituted at the 4 position of the pyrrole ringwith carboxamidoethyl substituents.

As used herein, the terms alkyl and alkylene refer to a branched orunbranched group. However, the names of specific groups, such as ethyl,ethylene, propyl, propylene, butyl or butylene, signify unbranchedgroups or radicals, unless indicated otherwise, such as prop-2-yl.Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, prop-2-yl, andbutyl. Examples of alkylene groups are methylene, ethylene, propyleneand butylene.

The term halogen atom includes fluorine, chlorine and bromine.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amountsufficient to effect treatment when administered to a patient in need oftreatment.

The term “treatment” as used herein refers to the treatment of a diseaseor medical condition in a patient, such as a mammal (particularly ahuman), and includes:

-   -   (a) preventing the disease or medical condition from occurring,        i.e., prophylactic treatment of a patient;    -   (b) ameliorating the disease or medical condition, i.e.,        eliminating or causing regression of the disease or medical        condition in a patient;    -   (c) suppressing the disease or medical condition, i.e., slowing        or arresting the development of the disease or medical condition        in a patient; or    -   (d) alleviating the symptoms of the disease or medical condition        in a patient.

The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salt” refers to a salt preparedfrom a base or acid which is acceptable for administration to a patient,such as a mammal. Such salts can be derived frompharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic or organic acids.

Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable acids include acetic,benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphosulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic,fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, lactic, maleic,malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pantothenic,phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic, xinafoic(1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid) and the like. Particularly preferred aresalts derived from fumaric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, acetic, sulfuric,phosphoric, methanesulfonic, p-toluenesulfonic, xinafoic, tartaric,citric, malic, maleic, succinic, and benzoic acids.

One preferred sub-group of compounds of formula (I) is that in which:

(i) R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; and R2represents a group of formula -A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which each of R⁵ and R⁶independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group and A¹represents (CH₂)_(m), (CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ inwhich m is an integer of from 2 to 10, each of n and p is an integer offrom 1 to 6, A² is CH═CH, phenylene, biphenylene, cyclohexylene orpiperazinylene and q is 1, 2 or 3;

(ii) R¹ and R² together represent -A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴independently represents (CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r isan integer of from 2 to 6, s is 1, 2 or 3, and R⁷ represents a hydrogenatom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; or

(iii) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached represent a piperidinyl group, which piperidinyl group bears asubstituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ at the 4 position, in which A⁵ represents(1-4C)alkylene and R⁸ represents piperidin-4-yl.

Compounds belonging to the above preferred sub-group have been found toexhibit good solubility in water and good absorption on oraladministration.

In this sub-group of compounds, preferably

(i) R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; and R²represents a group of formula -A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which each of R⁵ and R⁶independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group and A¹represents (CH₂)_(m), (CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ inwhich m is an integer of from 2 to 10, each of n and p is an integer offrom 1 to 6, A² is CH═CH, phenyl-1,3-ene, phenyl-1,4-ene,biphenyl-2,2′-ene, cyclohex-1,3-ylene or piperazin-1,4-ylene and q is 1,2 or 3;

(ii) R¹ and R² together represent -A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴independently represents (CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r isan integer of from 2 to 6, s is 1, 2 or 3, and R⁷ represents a hydrogenatom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; or

(iii) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached represent a piperidinyl group, which piperidinyl group bears asubstituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ at the 4 position, in which A⁵ represents(1-4C)alkylene and R⁸ represents piperidin-4-yl.

Preferably

(i) R¹ represents a methyl group; and R² represents a group of formula-A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, R⁶ represents a methylgroup and A¹ represents (CH₂)_(m), (CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) or(CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ in which m is an integer of from 2 to 10, each of nand p is 1 or 2, A² is CH═CH, phenyl-1,3-ene, phenyl-1,4-ene,biphenyl-2,2′-ene, cyclohex-1,3-ylene or piperazin-1,4-ylene and q is 1,2 or 3;

(ii) R¹ and R² together represent -A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴independently represents (CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r isan integer of from 2 to 6, s is 1 or 2, and R⁷ represents a hydrogenatom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; or

(iii) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached represent a piperidinyl group, which piperidinyl group bears asubstituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ at the 4 position, in which A⁵ representspropylene and R⁸ represents piperidin-4-yl.

More preferably,

(i) R¹ represents a methyl group; and R² represents a group of formula-A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, R⁶ represents a methylgroup and A¹ represents (CH₂)_(m), in which m is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9or 10; (CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) in which n and p are each 1 and A² isCH═CH, phenyl-1,3-ene, phenyl-1,4-ene, biphenyl-2,2′-ene orcyclohex-1,3-ylene; (CH₂)_(n)-A²(CH₂)_(p) in which n and p are each 2and A² is piperazin-1,4-ylene; or (CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ in which q is 2 or3;

(ii) R¹ and R² together represent —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—N(CH₂CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—,or —(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂—NH—(CH₂CH₂O)CH₂CH₂—; or

(iii) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached represent a piperidinyl group, which piperidinyl group bears asubstituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ at the 4 position, in which A⁵ representspropylene and R⁸ represents piperidin-4-yl.

A particularly preferred sub-group of compounds is that in which R¹represents a methyl group and R² represents a group of formula -A¹-NR⁵R⁶in which R⁵ represents a hydrogen atom, R⁶ represents a methyl group andA¹ represents (CH₂)_(m) or CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂, in which m is an integer offrom 2 to 6.

Compounds belonging to this sub-group have been found to exhibitparticularly good potency as inhibitors of one or more of the abovereceptor tyrosine kinases.

Within this sub-group, preferably A¹ represents (CH₂)_(m) orCH₂—CH═CH—CH₂, in which m is 2, 3 or 4.

More preferably A¹ represents (CH₂)₂, (CH₂)₃ or CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂.

Especially preferred are compounds in which A¹ represents(CH₂)₂.

Another preferred sub-group of compounds is that in which R¹ and R²together represent -A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴ independentlyrepresents (CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r is an integer offrom 2 to 6, and s is 1, 2 or 3, and R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a(1-4C)alkyl group.

Compounds belonging to this sub-group have also been found to exhibitparticularly good potency.

In this sub-group, preferably R¹ and R² together represent—(CH₂)₂—NR⁷—(CH₂)₂— or —(CH₂)₂—NR⁷—(CH₂)₃—, especially—(CH₂)₂—NR⁷—(CH₂)₂—.

Examples of particular values for R⁷ are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl,propyl, prop-2-yl and butyl.

Compounds in which R⁷ represents hydrogen are especially preferred.

Referring to R³ and R⁴, examples of particular values are:

-   -   hydrogen;    -   for a halogen atom: fluorine, chlorine or bromine, especially        bromine;    -   for a (1-4C)alkyl group: methyl;    -   for a (1-4C)alkoxy group: methoxy;    -   for an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group: phenyl;    -   for R⁸, R¹⁰, R¹² and R¹⁴: methyl or phenyl;    -   for R⁹, R¹¹, R¹³ and R¹⁵: hydrogen; and    -   for a group of formula R¹²C(O)N(R¹³)—: CH₃C(O)NH— and        C₆H₅C(O)NH—.

Preferably R³ and R⁴ each independently represents a hydrogen atom, abromine atom, CH₃C(O)NH—, or C₆H₅C(O)NH—. More preferably R³ and R⁴ eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom.

Another preferred group of compounds of formula (I) are compounds inwhich:

(i) R¹ represents a methyl group and R² represents a group of formula-A¹-NHCH₃ in which A¹ represents (CH₂)_(m), CH₂CH═CHCH₂,CH₂-phenylene-CH_(2,) or CH₂-cyclohexylene-CH₂, in which m is an integerof from 2 to 8; or

(ii) R¹ and R² together represent —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—N(CH₂CH₃)—(CH₂)₂— or —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—;and

R³ and R⁴ are each independently hydrogen.

Compounds of the above sub-group have been found to exhibit particularlygood potency as inhibitors of one or more receptor tyrosine kinases. Inparticular, such compounds have demonstrated IC₅₀ values for inhibitionof the VEGFR tyrosine kinase of less than 1 μM in the intracellular Ca²⁺FLIPR or immunoprecipitation assay described below.

A more preferred sub-group of compounds within the above sub-group arecompounds in which:

(i) R¹ represents a methyl group and R² represents a group of formula-A¹-NHCH₃ in which A¹ represents (CH₂)_(m), CH₂CH═CHCH₂, orCH₂-(1,4-phenylene)-CH₂ in which m is 2 or 3; or

(ii) R¹ and R² together represent —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂— —(CH₂)₂—N(CH₂CH₃)—(CH₂)₂— or —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—.

Compounds belonging to this more preferred sub-group of compounds havedemonstrated IC₅₀ values for inhibition of both the VEGFR and PDGFRtyrosine kinases of less than 1 μM in the intracellular Ca²⁺ FLIPR orimmunoprecipitation assay described below.

A particularly preferred sub-group of compounds of formula (I) arecompounds of formula (Ia):

wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, and pharmaceutically-acceptablesalts thereof.

Compounds of formula (Ia) that may be given special mention are:

3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-piperazin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-oneand

3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(4-ethyl)piperazin-1-ylpropyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one.

Especially preferred is the compound3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-piperazin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof. This compound has beenfound to be a highly potent and selective inhibitor of PDGFR, c-Kit,VEGFR and Flt-3. It has also been found to have high solubility in waterand to possess excellent absorption when administered orally to rats.

Another compound of formula (I) that may be given special mention is3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-homopiperazin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one.

The compounds of formula (I) are useful as receptor tyrosine kinaseinhibitors for the treatment of proliferative disorders, such as formsof cancer which include, but are not limited to acute myeloid leukemia,small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, breastcancer and brain cancer, and other proliferative disorders, such asrestenosis. The compounds may also be useful in restricting the growthof solid tumors.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides a processfor the preparation of a compound of formula (I), which comprises

(a) reacting a compound of formula (II)

or a reactive derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (III)HNR¹R²  (III)or a salt thereof, in which R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are as definedhereinabove, or

(b) for a compound of formula (I) in which R⁵ or R⁷ represents ahydrogen atom, deprotecting a compound of formula (IV)

in which R^(1a) and R^(2a) are as defined hereinabove for R¹ and R²,except in that R⁵ or R⁷ is replaced with a group R^(5a) or R^(7a)respectively, in which R^(5a) and R^(7a) each represents an amineprotecting group, and R³ and R⁴ are as defined hereinabove;

followed, if a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt is required, by forminga pharmaceutically-acceptable salt.

In process (a), the reaction of a compound of formula (II) with acompound of formula (III) may conveniently be performed using aconventional amide coupling method. For example, an acid of formula (II)may be treated with a coupling agent, such asbenzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-trispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate(PyBOP) or o-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HATU), in the presence of a base, such asN,N-diisopropylethylamine, and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt),followed by addition of the compound of formula (III). Convenientsolvents include polar aprotic organic solvents, such asdimethylformamide. The temperature is conveniently in the range of from0 to 50° C. Alternatively, the compound of formula (II) may be convertedinto an acid halide, such as the chloride, and then reacted with thecompound of formula (III).

In process (b), the amine protecting group represented by R^(5a) orR^(7a) may be a conventional amine protecting group. Examples of amineprotecting groups are described in Greene and Wuts, Protecting Groups inOrganic Synthesis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1991 and McOmie,Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry, Plenum Press, NY, 1973. Examplesof amine protecting groups include acyl groups, for example(1-6C)alkanoyl groups, such as acetyl; (1-6C)alkoxycarbonyl groups, suchas t-butoxycarbonyl; and arylmethoxycarbonyl groups, such asbenzyloxycarbonyl; and arylmethyl groups, such as benzyl.

An acyl amine protecting group may conveniently be removed by treatmentwith an acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid.

Compounds of formula (IV) may be prepared by reacting a compound offormula (II) with an amine of formula (V)HNR^(1a)R^(2a)  (V)in which R^(1a) and R^(2a) are as defined hereinabove, following themethod of process step (a).

Compounds of formula (II) are known, for example from WO 99/61422. Theymay also be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VI)

with a compound of formula (VII)

The reaction is conveniently performed in the presence of a base, suchas piperidine, in an organic solvent, such as ethanol, and under reflux.

Compounds of formula (VII) are known, for example from WO 99/61422.

Compounds of formula (VI) may be prepared by reacting a compound offormula (VIII)

in which R^(8a) represents a carboxyl protecting group, for example a(1-6C)alkyl group such as methyl, with phosphorus oxychloride anddimethylformamide, followed by removal of the protecting group R^(8a),for example by alkali hydrolysis.

Compounds of formula (VIII) may be prepared via the correspondingcarboxylic acid (R^(8a) is hydrogen) following methods as described inthe accompanying examples.

Certain of the intermediates described herein are believed to be novel,for example the compounds of formula (IV). All such novel intermediatesare provided as further aspects of the invention.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

When used as pharmaceuticals, the compounds of the invention willusually be administered in a pharmaceutical composition. Thecompositions comprise a compound of the invention as the activeingredient, together with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent orcarrier. The compositions may be formulated for any route ofadministration, in particular for oral, rectal, transdermal,subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular or intranasal administration.The compositions may be formulated in any conventional form, forexample, as tablets, capsules, solutions, suspensions, dispersions,syrups, sprays, gels, suppositories, patches and emulsions.

The preparation of a suitable pharmaceutical composition for aparticular mode of administration is well within the scope of thoseskilled in the pharmaceutical arts. Additionally, the ingredients forsuch compositions are commercially available from, for example, Sigma(St. Louis, Mo.). By way of further illustration, conventionalformulation techniques are described in Remington: The Science andPractice of Pharmacy, 20^(th) Edition, Lippincott Williams & White,Baltimore, Md. (2000); and H. C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical DosageForms and Drug Delivery Systems, 7^(th) Edition, Lippincott Williams &White, Baltimore, Md. (1999).

According to another aspect, the present invention provides apharmaceutical composition, which comprises a therapeutically-effectiveamount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptablesalt thereof, together with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent orcarrier.

In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of theinvention are suitable for oral administration. Suitable pharmaceuticalcompositions for oral administration may be in the form of capsules,tablet, pills, lozenges, cachets, dragees, powders, granules, or as asolution or suspension in a liquid, and the like; each containing apredetermined amount of a compound of the present invention as an activeingredient. A composition in the form of a tablet can be prepared usingany suitable pharmaceutical carrier(s) routinely used for preparingsolid compositions. Examples of such carriers include magnesiumstearate, starch, lactose, sucrose, microcrystalline cellulose andbinders, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone. In addition, the activecompound can be formulated in a controlled release dosage form as atablet comprising a hydrophilic or hydrophobic matrix.

A composition in the form of a capsule can be prepared using routineencapsulation procedures, for example, by incorporation of activecompound and excipients into a hard gelatin capsule. Alternatively, asemi-solid matrix of active compound and high molecular weightpolyethylene glycol can be prepared and filled into a hard gelatincapsule; or a solution of active compound in polyethylene glycol or asuspension in edible oil, can be prepared and filled into a soft gelatincapsule.

In another preferred embodiment, the compound of the invention can beformulated for injection, for example for intravenous injection. Atypical composition for intravenous injection consists of a sterileisotonic aqueous solution containing, for example, active compound anddextrose or sodium chloride, or a mixture of dextrose and sodiumchloride. Other examples of suitable excipients include lactatedRinger's injection, lactated Ringer's plus dextrose injection,Normosol-M and dextrose, Isolyte E, acylated Ringer's injection, and thelike. Optionally, a co-solvent, for example, polyethylene glycol; achelating agent, for example, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid; astabilizing agent, for example, a cyclodextrin; and an anti-oxidant, forexample, sodium metabisulphite, may be included in the formulation.

According to another aspect, the present invention provides a compoundof formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof for use intherapy.

The compounds of formula (I) are useful as receptor tyrosine kinaseinhibitors. According to another aspect, therefore, the presentinvention provides the use of a compound of formula (I) or apharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of amedicament for the treatment of a condition responsive to a tyrosinekinase inhibitor.

According to yet another aspect, the present invention provides apharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of a conditionresponsive to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which comprises a compound offormula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention also provides a method of treating a conditionresponsive to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which comprises administeringto a patient in need of treatment an effective amount of a compound offormula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

The patient may be, for example, a mammal, such as a companion animal,and is preferably a human.

The dose (or effective amount) of the compound administered to a patientwill depend upon many factors, including the particular compound used,the nature and severity of the condition being treated, the species ofthe patient, the weight of the patient and the route of administration.In general, a dose in the range of from 0.01 to 100 μM/kg of bodyweightwill be administered.

The following non-limiting examples illustrate representativepharmaceutical compositions of the invention.

Formulation Example A

Hard gelatin capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows:Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 250 mg Lactose(spray-dried) 200 mg Magnesium stearate  10 mg

Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended andthen loaded into a hard gelatine capsule (460 mg of composition percapsule)

Formulation Example B

Hard gelatin capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows:Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 20 mg Starch 89 mgMicrocrystalline cellulose 89 mg Magnesium stearate 10 mg

Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended andthen passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and loaded into a hardgelatine capsule (200 mg of composition per capsule)

Formulation Example C

Capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows: IngredientsAmount Compound of the invention 100 mg Polyoxyethylene sorbitanmonooleate  50 mg Starch powder 250 mg

Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended andthen loaded into a hard gelatine capsule (300 mg of composition percapsule)

Formulation Example D

Tablets for oral administration are prepared as follows: IngredientsAmount Compound of the invention 250 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 400mg Silicon dioxide fumed  10 mg Stearic acid  5 mg

Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended andthen loaded into a hard gelatine capsule (460 mg of composition percapsule)

Formulation Example E

An injectable formulation is prepared as follows: Ingredients AmountCompound of the invention 0.2 g Sodium acetate buffer solution (0.4 M)400 mg HCl (0.5 N) or NaOH (0.5 N) q.s. to pH 4 Water (distilled,sterile) q.s. to 20 mL

Representative Procedure: The above ingredients are blended and the pHis adjusted to 4±0.5 using 0.5 N HCl or 0.5 N NaOH.

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLES

The following synthetic examples are offered to illustrate theinvention, and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scopeof the invention.

General

Reagents and solvents were used as received from commercial suppliersunless otherwise noted. All reactions were carried out at roomtemperature and without rigorous exclusion of ambient atmosphere unlessotherwise noted. Ion-spray mass spectra (IS-MS) were obtained using a PESciex API 150EX mass spectrometer. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)spectra were recorded at 300 MHz. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported inparts per million downfield of tetramethylsilane. Analyticalreversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) was performed on an HP1100 instrumentusing a 2.1 mm×50 mm, 3.5 μm C₁₈ Zorbax Plus Bonus-RP column. For theanalytical separations, a 0.5 minute isocratic period was followed by a4.5 minute gradient of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile (ACN) in0.1% water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/minute. Preparative RP-HPLC wasperformed using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) buffered ACN/water gradientson a Varian ProStar system using 2.5- or 10 cm×25 cm, 8 μm C₁₈ RaininDynamax columns and flow rates of 10- or 50 mL/minute, respectively.

Preparation of Intermediates

Intermediate 1

2-Carboxyethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-4-carboxylic acid

3,5-Dimethyl-2,4-pyrrole dicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester (200 g, 836mmol) was placed in a 1 L beaker and treated with 400 mL concentratedsulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). The mixture was stirred, heated to 45 C with theaid of a heat gun and then maintained at 36-42 C for 25 minutes. Thereaction mixture was poured into 3 L crushed ice and stirred for 30minutes. The yellow solid was recovered by filtration and washed with200 mL water. The solid was transferred to a 4 L Erlenmeyer flask andtreated with 2 L 1 N sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) followed by 100 mL10 N NaOH. The basic mixture was filtered and the yellow solid residuewas discarded. The filtrate was acidified with H₂SO₄. The resultingsolid was recovered by suction filtration and washed with 2×500 mLwater. After suction drying, the material was transferred to a 6 LErlenmeyer flask and digested briefly in 4 L acetone. After standingovernight at room temperature (RT), the solid was collected byfiltration and dried in a vacuum dessicator to afford 139 g, 659 mmol,79% of the title compound. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 4.22 (q, 2H), 2.44 (s,3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.27 (t, 3H).

Intermediate 2

2-Carboxyethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole

Intermediate 1 (137 g, 650 mmol) was placed in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flaskand treated with ethanolamine (80 g, 1.3 mol). The mixture was thenheated to 220 C in a heating mantle, producing a brown solution overapproximately 30 minutes, at which time gas evolution had essentiallyceased. The reaction was heated for 30 minutes more, then poured into 2L ice water. The crude product was collected by suction filtration andthen digested in 700 mL 95% ethanol (EtOH). The mixture was filteredwhile hot and the filtrate was slowly cooled to RT and then to −20 C.The resulting crystals were collected by suction filtration and dried ina vacuum dessicator to afford 75.6 g, 453 mmol, 70% of the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ5.72 (s, 1H), 4.17 (q, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H),2.13 (s, 3H), 1.25 (t, 3H).

Intermediate 3

2-Carboxyethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrole-4-carboxaldehyde

Intermediate 2 (75.6 g, 453 mmol) was placed in a dry 1 L, 3-neckedround-bottom flask. The solid was treated with anhydrousN,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 43.8 mL, 566 mmol). The flask was shaken todistribute the DMF throughout the solid. The flask was cooled in an icebath and to the mixture was added phosphorous oxychloride (POCl₃, 52.7mL, 566 mmol) over 30 minutes via an addition funnel. The flask wasshaken to evenly distribute the reagents. The flask was then immersed ina 100 C oil bath and heated with magnetic stirring for 6 hours. Theresulting deep red mixture was cooled in an ice water bath and treatedwith 200 mL ice water, resulting in a vigorous, exothermic reaction.After addition of 200 mL additional ice water, the mixture was adjustedto pH 5 with a saturated solution of sodium acetate (NaOAc). The crudeproduct was isolated by suction filtration and recrystallized from 700mL hot 1:1 EtOH:water to afford 65.8 g, 337 mmol, 74% of the titlecompound as dark needles. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ 9.88 (s, 1H), 4.23 (q, 2H),2.46 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H).

Intermediate 4

3-(5-Carboxyethyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propenoic acid

Intermediate 3 (65.8 g, 337 mmol) and malonic acid (39.0 g, 375 mmol)were combined in a 500 mL, 1-necked round bottom flask, treated with 350mL absolute EtOH, and brought to reflux for 30 minutes. To the resultingdark solution was added aniline (34.0 mL, 375 mmol) and the mixture wasrefluxed for an additional 5 hours. Solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was treated with 400 mL 2.5 M hydrochloric acid(HCl), warmed, and then allowed to cool to RT. A purple solid wascollected by suction filtration, transferred to a 1 L beaker and treatedwith 250 mL 2 N NaOH with stirring. The resulting slurry was filteredand the solids were washed with 100 mL dilute base. The purple residuewas discarded. The red filtrate was cooled in an ice bath, stirred andacidified with approximately 70 mL 6 M HCl. The resulting thick, whitepaste was collected by suction filtration, washed with water, and driedin air to afford the title compound. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ7.52 (d, 1H),5.93 (d, 1H), 4.22 (q, 2H), 2.35 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.28 (t, 3H).

Intermediate 5

3-(2-Carboxyethyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propionic acid

Intermediate 4 was dissolved in 220 mL 2 N NaOH and combined with 3.5 g10% palladium on activated carbon. The mixture was hydrogenated at 50psi for 28 hours, then suction filtered over Celite. The Celite waswashed with 50 mL water. An aliquot of the filtrate was evaporated todryness and complete reduction to the title compound was confirmed by ¹HNMR (D₂O) δ 4.07 (q, 2H), 2.46 (t, 2H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 2.05 (t, 2H), 2.00(s, 3H), 1.13 (t, 3H). The remaining filtrate was carried forward to thenext step without further manipulation.

Intermediate 6

3-(2,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propionic acid

The filtrate from the previous step containing Intermediate 6 wastreated with 30 mL 10 N NaOH and heated at reflux for 20 hours. Analiquot of the reaction mixture was acidified and evaporated to dryness.Complete hydrolysis/decarboxylation to the title compound was confirmedby ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ9.86 (s, 1H), 6.18 (2, 2H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.03 (s,3H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.87 (s, 3H). The reaction mixture was carriedforward to the next step without further manipulation.

Intermediate 7

Methyl 3-(2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propionate

The solution of Intermediate 6 from the previous step was concentratedat 60 C under reduced pressure to approximately 200 mL, cooled in an icewater bath and acidified to pH 2 using approximately 50 ml 50% H₂SO₄.The resulting mixture was filtered through a glass frit. The filtratewas extracted with 2×100 mL diethyl ether (Et₂O) and the residue wasextracted with 3×100 mL Et₂O. The combined red organic extracts werewashed with 2×100 mL water, transferred to a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, andtreated with stirring with 680 mL of an ethereal solution ofdiazomethane. After stirring 30 minutes at RT, excess diazomethane wasquenched with glacial acetic acid (HOAc). The reaction mixture wasextracted with 2×200 mL saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃),dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), filtered, and evaporatedto afford 52.6 g of crude red oil. This was purifed by bulb-to-bulbdistillation at 145 C and 0.2 mm Hg pressure to afford the titlecompound (38.4 g, 211 mmol, 63% overall from Intermediate 3). ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆) δ9.92 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 3.54 (s, 3H), 2.52 (t, 2H), 2.32(t, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.87 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 8

3-(5-Formyl-2,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)propionic acid

To a dry 250 mL 3-necked, round-bottom flask was added anhydrous DMF(13.8 g mL, 189 mmol). This was cooled in an ice water bath and treatedwith POCl₃ (15.0 mL, 160 mmol) dropwise over 10 minutes. The mixture wasdiluted with 120 mL anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and warmed to RT,producing a pale orange solution. The mixture was cooled to −10 C in anice brine bath, at which point a precipitate formed. Intermediate 7(14.5 g, 80.0 mmol) dissolved in 30 mL DCE was added dropwise over 10minutes. The reaction mixture was removed from the cooling bath, stirredat RT for 10 minutes and then evaporated under reduced pressure at 30 C.The residue was transferred to a 2 L beaker using approximately 100 mLmethanol (MeOH), treated with 800 mL 2 N NaOH, heated to 90 C and thenallowed to cool to RT. The orange solution was extracted with 2×200 mLEt₂O, heated to 50 C, treated with activated charcoal, cooled to RT, andfiltered through a pad of Celite. The filtrate was cooled in an icewater bath and acidified to pH 3 using approximately 120 mL 6 N HCl. Theresulting solid was collected by suction filtration, washed with 3×40 mLwater, and dried in air to afford 11.2 g, 57.0 mmol, 72% of the titlecompound as a brownish powder. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ9.40 (s, 1H), 2.52 (t,2H), 2.29 (t, 2H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.14 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 9

3-[2,4-Dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propionicacid

Intermediate 8 (11 g, 57 mmol) and oxindole (7.6 g, 57 mmol) werecombined in a 200 mL round-bottom flask, slurried in 150 mL EtOH,treated with piperidine (8.5 mL, 86 mmol), and heated to reflux for 4hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT, treated with HOAc (14.4mL, 250 mmol), returned briefly to reflux, cooled again and filtered.The orange solid was collected by suction filtration, washed with 100 mLhot 1:1 HOAc:EtOH followed by 100 mL hot EtOH, and dried in air toafford 15 g, 50 mmol, 87% of the title compound. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ10.8(s, 1H), 7.71 (d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, 1H), 6.95 (t, 1H), 6.96(d, 1H), 2.63 (t, 2H), 2.33 (t, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H).

Intermediate 10

4-{3-[2,4-Dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-propionyl}-piperazine-1-carboxylicacid tert-butyl ester

Intermediate 9 (6.2 g, 20 mmol), mono-Boc piperazine (4.1 g, 22 mmol),and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAT, 3.0 g, 22 mmol) were dissolvedin 50 mL anhydrous DMF and treated with N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA,3.5 mL, 20 mmol) followed bybenzotriazol-1-yl-oxy-trispyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate(PyBOP, 11.4 g, 22 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight atRT, depositing a yellow solid. The solid was collected by suctionfiltration, washed with DMF and ACN and dried to afford 1.3 g ofIntermediate 10. The filtrate was evaporated and fractionated bychromatography on 700 cc of silica gel using 5% MeOH in dichloromethane(DCM) eluent. Product-containing fractions were combined and evaporated,then digested in 100 mL ACN. After cooling to RT, the fine yellow solidwas collected by suction filtration, washed with 2×20 mL ACN, and driedto afford an additional 5.7 g of the title compound. In all, 7.0 g, 15mmol, 75% of product was obtained. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ10.7 (s, 1H), 7.70(d, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, 1H), 6.95 (t, 1H), 6.84 (d, 1H),3.41-3.19 (m, 8H), 2.62 (t, 2H), 2.43 (t, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s,3H), 1.35 (s, 9H). IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₇H₃₄N₄O₄ [M]⁺: 478; obsd.478.2.

Example 13-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-piperazin-1-yl-propyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate

Intermediate 10 (4.78 g, 10.0 mmol) was slurried in 20 mL DCM andtreated at room temperature with 20 mL TFA. After 30 minutes thereaction mixture was evaporated under reduced pressure, then dissolvedin 20 mL chloroform and re-evaporated two times. The residue wasre-dissolved in 20 ML chloroform and added dropwise to 200 mL Et₂O. Theresulting yellow solid was collected by suction filtration, washed with3×20 mL Et₂O, and dried to afford 4.8 g, 9.7 mmol, 97% of the titlecompound. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ10.8 (s, 1H), 8.74 (br s, 2H), 7.71 (d, 1H),7.56 (s, 1H), 7.07 (t, 1H), 6.96 (t, 1H), 6.85 (d, 1H), 3.62 (br s, 4H),3.02 (br s, 4H), 2.62 (t, 2H), 2.5 (t, 2H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H).IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₂H₂₆N₄ O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 379.2; obsd. 379.0.

Example 1a (Alternative Preperation)3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-piperazin-1-yl-propyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate

Intermediate 9 (0.31 g, 1.0 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL anhydrous DMFand treated with HOAT (0.14 g, 1.0 mmol) followed byO-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HATU, 0.38 g, 1.0 mmol). After stirring 10 minutesat RT, the reaction mixture was added to a solution of piperazine (0.17g, 2.0 mmol) and stirred for two days. The reaction mixture was thenfractionated by preparative reversed-phase HPLC. The appropriatefractions were combined and lyophilized to afford 0.16 g, 0.34 mmol, 34%of the title compound.

Example 23-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(2-methylaminoethyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

Intermediate 10 (0.062 g, 0.20 mmol) was dissolved in 0.67 mL anhydrousDMF and treated with HOAT (0.030 g, 0.22 mmol) and HATU (0.084 g, 0.22mmol). After stirring at RT for 15 minutes, the activated acid was addedto a vial containing a solution of N,N′-dimethylethylenediamine (0.043mL, 0.40 mmol) in 0.50 mL anhydrous DMF. The reaction mixture wasagitated overnight on an orbiting shaker, then diluted with 0.50 mL of30% aqueous TFA, filtered, and fractionated by preparativereversed-phase HPLC. The appropriate fractions were combined andlyophilized to afford 0.005 g, 0.010 mmol, 5% of the title compound.IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₂H₂₈N₄0₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 381.2; obsd. 381.0.

Examples 3 to 24

In a manner similar to that described in Example 1a and 2, coupling ofIntermediate 10 with other amines afforded the compounds of Examples 3to 24.

Example 33-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-methylaminopropyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₃H₃₀N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 395.2; obsd. 395.0.

Example 43-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-methylaminobutyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₄H₃₂N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 409.3; obsd. 409.0.

Example 53-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(5-methylaminopentyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₅H₃₄N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 423.3; obsd. 423.2.

Example 63-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(6-methylaminohexyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₆H₃₆N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 437.3; obsd. 437.2.

Example 73-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(7-methylaminoheptyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₇H₃₈N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 451.3; obsd. 451.2.

Example 83-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(8-methylaminooctyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₈H₄₀N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 465.3; obsd. 465.2.

Example 93-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(9-methylaminononyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₉H₄₂N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 479.3; obsd. 479.2.

Example 103-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(10-methylaminodecyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₃₀H₄₄N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 493.4; obsd. 492.8.

Example 113-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(12-methylaminododecyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₃₂H₄₈N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 521.4; obsd. 520.8.

Example 123-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-methylaminobut-2-enyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₄H₃₀N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 407.2; obsd. 407.0.

Example 133-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(8-methylamino-3,6-dioxaoctyl)-propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₆H₃₆N₄O₄ [M+H⁺]⁺: 469.3; obsd. 469.0.

Example 143-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(11-methylamino-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl)propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₈H₄₀N₄O₅ [M+H⁺]⁺: 513.3; obsd. 512.8.

Example 153-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-methylaminomethylphenyl-methyl)propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₈H₃₂N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 457.3; obsd. 457.0.

Example 163-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-methylaminomethylphenyl-methyl)propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₈H₃₂N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 457.3; obsd. 457.2.

Example 173-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-methylaminomethylcyclohexyl-methyl)propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 463.3; obsd. 463.0.

Example 183-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-[2′-methylaminomethylbiphen-2-ylmethyl]propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₃₄H₃₆N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 533.3; obsd. 533.2.

Example 193-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-[4-(3-methylaminopropyl)-piperazin-1-yl]propyl)propionamide,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₃₀H₄₄N₆O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 521.4; obsd. 521.2.

Example 203-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₃H₂₇N₃O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 378.2; obsd. 378.0.

Example 213-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(piperidin-4-ylpropyl)piperidin-1-ylpropyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₃₁H₄₂N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 503.3; obsd. 503.2.

Example 223-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(4-ethyl)piperazin-1-ylpropyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₄H₃₀N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 407.2; obsd. 407.0.

Example 233-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-homopiperazin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₃H₂₈N₄O₂ [M+H⁺]⁺: 393.2; obsd. 393.0.

Example 243-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecan-1-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate

IS-MS, calcd. m/z for C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₅ [M+H⁺]⁺: 511.3; obsd. 511.0.

Following the methods of Examples 1a and 2, the following compounds arealso prepared:

5-Bromo-3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(4-prop-2-yl)piperazin-1-ylpropyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate and

5-bromo-3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-[4-prop-2-yl]homopiperazin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate.

Biological Assays

The ability of test compounds to inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases isdemonstrated in the following assays.

Abbreviations

HEPES 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid

EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

PDGF Platelet Derived Growth Factor

PDGFR Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor

VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

VEGFR Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor

HEK cells Human Embryonic Kidney cells

Flt-3 fms-related tyrosine kinase 3

BSA Bovine Serum Albumin

AML Acute Myeloid Leukemia

ITD Internal Tandem Duplication

MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide.

HUVEC Human umbilical vein epithelial cells

Ca²⁺ Release Assay (FLIPR Assay)

The binding of growth factors to their respective receptors leads to theautophosphorylation of the receptor. This is the first step in asignaling cascade that results in the release of Ca²⁺ from internalstores and influx of extracellular Ca²⁺.

The rise in intracelluar Ca²⁺ is quantitated by loading cells with afluorescent dye prior to stimulation with the growth factor and bysubsequently assessing the fluorescent signal in a Fluorometric ImagePlate Reader (FLIPR). A kinase inhibitor that can penetrate the cellmembrane inhibits receptor autophosphorylation, hence, the Ca²⁺ releaseis reduced or ablated.

In order to determine the IC₅₀ of test compounds against the VEGFR inthe FLIPR assay, HUVECs (Walkersville, Md.) were used. For thedetermination of IC₅₀s against the PDGFR, a HEK cell line were used thatexpresses the human PDGFR. 40-50000 cells per well were plated in a 96well plate. The cells were incubated for 3-4 hours to adhere to theplate. Subsequently, the cells were washed twice in FLIPR buffer (1×HBS,2 mM CaCl, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.4, 2.5 mM Probenecid, 0.1% BSA). After thesecond wash 50 μL of the Ca²⁺ sensitive dye FLUO-3 (FLUO-3 (AM) TEFLabs, 50 μg in 10 mL FLIPR buffer) was added to the remaining 50 μLbuffer in each well. After loading the cells for one hour, the cellswere washed twice and the test compounds were added in 50 μL as a 2×solution to the 50 μL of buffer in each well. The cells were incubatedwith the compounds for 30 minutes and then VEGF (40 ng/mL, BioSourceInternational) for the VEGFR or PDGF (40 ng/mL, BioSource International)for the PDGFR was added. The change in fluorescence intensity wasmeasured in a Fluorometric Image Plate Reader (FLIPR) (MolecularDevices).

Proliferation and Viability Assay (MTT)

The inhibition of mutant Flt-3 ITD is expected to affect theproliferation and viability of AML cells with this mutation. In order toassess the activity of test compounds an MTT proliferation and viabilityassay (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Indianapolis, Ind.) was performedwith an AML cell line called MV4-11. MV4-11 cells express Flt-3 ITD.50,000 cells per well in 100 μL of media were plated in a 96 well plateand were incubated with increasing concentrations of compound for 48hours. After this incubation period, 10 μL of the MTT labeling reactionwas added for 4 hours. The MTT labeling reagent was metabolized byviable cells to formazan, an insoluble blue salt. To solubilize theformazan salt, 100 μL of solubilization solution was added. The platewas incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 24 hours and, then, the opticaldensity of the wells was determined spectrophotometrically at 550 nm.The optical density of the solutions in the wells reflects the effectthe compound has on the viability of the cells.

Immunoprecipitation/Western (IP/Western)

The binding of growth factors to receptor tyrosine kinases like Flt-3 orPDGFR leads to the autophosphorylation of the receptors. The inhibitionof autophosphorylation is the objective pursued with kinase inhibitors.By performing an IP/Western experiment the level of receptorautophosphorylation can be assessed directly.

5×10⁶ cells (HEK PDGFR cell line for PDGFR, HEK c-Kit for c-Kit, andTHP-1, HL-60 or MV4-11 for Flt-3) were incubated for 30 minutes in 2.5mL of culture media with a defined concentration of test compound. Inorder to stimulate receptor autophosphorylation, growth factor (PDGF,SCF, or Flt-3 ligand respectively, 50 ng/mL, Biosource International,Camarillo, Calif.) was added for 5 minutes. The cells were thencentrifuged and lysed in 500 μL lysis buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 1%NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM Na3V04). The lysate is centrifugedand 10 μL of antibody against the respective receptor was added to thesupernatant (anti-PDGFR (P20), anti-c-Kit (C-19), and anti-Flt-3 (S18),Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.). The immunocomplexes were isolated withProtein G beads (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) and PAGE was performed. AWestern Blot was done using an antibody against phospho-tyrosineresidues (4G10, Upstate Biotechnology, Lake Placid, N.Y.). The intensityof the phospho-tyrosine signal corresponding to various drugconcentrations provides a way to determine the IC₅₀ of the test compoundfor the inhibition of autophosphorylation.

In general, the compounds exemplified herein have been found to exhibitan IC₅₀ of less than 10 μM in one or more of the above assays.

Pharmacokinetics

To evaluate pharmacokinetics, male Sprague Dawley rats (CD strain,Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Mass.) were dosed with testcompounds via intravenous (IV) administration, at 1 mg/kg concentration,and oral (PO) administration, at 10 mg/kg concentration. Blood sampleswere collected from animals pre-dose, and at 2, 5, 15, and 30 minutes,and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours post-dose. Plasma concentrations weredetermined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (MDS SCIEXAPI 4000, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.). Standardpharmacokinetic parameters were assessed by non-compartmental methodsusing the WinNonlin Version 3.2 software package (Pharsight, MountainView, Calif.). Oral bioavailability was determined as the ratio of thearea under the curve (AUC) in the graph of plasma concentration versustime for PO administration to the corresponding quantity for IVadministration. The oral bioavailability in rats, for example, of3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-piperazin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,determined by this method, was 50.6%.

Comparative Assay Results

Table 1 lists assay results for two compounds of the invention, thecompound of Example 1,3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-piperazin-1-yl-propyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate, and the compound of Example 22,3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(4-ethyl)piperazin-1-ylpropyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one,trifluoroacetate. For comparison, Table 1 also lists assay results fortwo prior art compounds,3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]propionicacid, identified as SU6668, and3-(2,3-dimethylpyrrol-5-yl)methylene]-2-indolinone, identified asSU5416. The preparation of the former prior art compound is describedabove as intermediate 9. The latter compound was prepared as describedin Sun et al., J. Med. Chem. 1998, Vol. 41, No. 14, pp 2588-2603. Theability of test compounds to inhibit mutant Flt-3 ITD was tested in thecytotoxicity assay. Inhibition of the VEGFR and PDGFR kinases was testedin the Ca²⁺ FLIPR assay, except as indicated. As shown below thecompounds of Examples 1 and 22 showed sub-micromolar activity in theFlt-3, VEGFR, and PDGFR assays. TABLE 1 Flt-3 VEGFR PDGFR EC₅₀ (μM) IC₅₀(μM) IC₅₀ (μM) This Invention Example 1 0.24 0.02  0.03^(#) Example 220.22 0.03 0.09 Comparison Compounds SU6668 No activity* No activity** Noactivity**^(#) SU5416 ˜1-10 0.05 0.06*Highest concentration tested 10 μm**Highest concentration tested 1 μm^(#)Immunoprecipitation/Western (IP) assay

1. A compound of formula (I)

wherein: (i) R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; andR² represents a group of formula -A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which each of R⁵ and R⁶independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group and A¹represents (CH₂)_(m), (CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ inwhich m is an integer of from 2 to 10, each of n and p is an integer offrom 1 to 6, A² is CH═CH, phenylene, biphenylene, cyclohexylene orpiperazinylene and q is 1, 2 or 3; (ii) R¹ and R² together represent-A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴ independently represents(CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r is an integer of from 2 to6, s is 1, 2 or 3, and R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkylgroup; (iii) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached represent a piperidinyl group, which piperidinyl group bears asubstituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ at the 4 position, in which A⁵ represents(1-4C)alkylene and R⁸ represents piperidin-4-yl; or (iv) R¹ and R²together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent apyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholino group; and R³ and R⁴ eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a (1-4C)alkylgroup, a (1-4C)alkoxy group, a phenyl group which is unsubstituted orsubstituted by one or two substituents selected independently from ahalogen atom, a (1-4C)alkyl group and a (1-4C)alkoxy group, a group offormula R⁸S(O)₂NR⁹—, a group of formula R¹⁰N(R¹¹)S(O)₂—, a group offormula R¹²C(O)N(R¹³)— or a group of formula R¹⁴N(R¹⁵)C(O)— in whicheach of R⁸, R¹⁰, R¹² and R¹⁴ independently represents a (1-4C)alkylgroup or a phenyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one ortwo substituents selected independently from a halogen atom, a(1-4C)alkyl group and a (1-4C)alkoxy group, and each of R⁹, R¹¹, R¹³ andR¹⁵ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkyl group; ora pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A compound as claimed inclaim 1, wherein: (i) R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkylgroup; and R² represents a group of formula -A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which each ofR⁵ and R⁶ independently represents a hydrogen atom or a (1-4C)alkylgroup and A¹ represents (CH₂)_(m), (CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) or(CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ in which m is an integer of from 2 to 10, each of nand p is an integer of from 1 to 6, A² is CH═CH, phenylene, biphenylene,cyclohexylene or piperazinylene and q is 1, 2 or 3; (ii) R¹ and R²together represent -A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴ independentlyrepresents (CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r is an integer offrom 2 to 6, s is 1, 2 or 3, and R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a(1-4C)alkyl group; or (iii) R¹ and R² together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are attached represent a piperidinyl group, which piperidinylgroup bears a substituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ at the 4 position, in whichA⁵ represents (1-4C)alkylene and R⁸ represents piperidin-4-yl.
 3. Acompound as claimed in claim 2, in which (i) R¹ represents a methylgroup; and R² represents a group of formula -A¹-NR⁵R⁶ in which R⁵represents a hydrogen atom, R⁶ represents a methyl group and A¹represents (CH₂)_(m), in which m is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10;(CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) in which n and p are each 1 and A² is CH═CH,phenyl-1,3-ene, phenyl-1,4-ene, biphenyl-2,2′-ene or cyclohex-1,3-ylene;(CH₂)_(n)-A²-(CH₂)_(p) in which n and p are each 2 and A² ispiperazin-1,4-ylene; or (CH₂CH₂O)_(q)CH₂CH₂ in which q is 2 or 3; (ii)R¹ and R² together represent —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—N(CH₂CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—,—(CH₂CH₂O)₂CH₂CH₂—NH—(CH₂CH₂O)CH₂CH₂—; or (iii) R¹ and R² together withthe nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent a piperidinylgroup, which piperidinyl group bears a substituent of formula -A⁵-R⁸ atthe 4 position, in which A⁵ represents propylene and R⁸ representspiperidin-4-yl.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 3, in which A¹represents (CH₂)_(m) or CH₂—CH═CH—CH₂, in which m is 2, 3 or
 4. 5. Acompound as claimed in claim 1, in which R¹ and R² together represent-A³-NR⁷-A⁴- in which each of A³ and A⁴ independently represents(CH₂)_(r) or (CH₂CH₂O)_(s)CH₂CH₂ in which r is an integer of from 2 to6, and s is 1, 2 or 3, and R⁷ represents a hydrogen atom or a(1-4C)alkyl group.
 6. A compound as claimed in claim 5, in which R¹ andR² together represent —(CH₂)₂—NR⁷—(CH₂)₂— or —(CH₂)₂—NR⁷—(CH₂)₃—.
 7. Acompound as claimed in claim 6, in which R¹ and R² together represent—(CH₂)₂—NR⁷—(CH₂)₂—
 8. A compound as claimed in claim 7, in which R⁷represents hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, prop-2-yl or butyl.
 9. Acompound as claimed in claim 8, in which R⁷ represents hydrogen.
 10. Acompound as claimed in claim 1, in which R³ and R⁴ each independentlyrepresents a hydrogen atom, a bromine atom, CH₃C(O)NH, or C₆H₅C(O)NH.11. A compound as claimed in claim 1, in which R³ and R⁴ eachindependently represents a hydrogen atom.
 12. A compound as claimed inclaim 1 in which (i) R¹ represents a methyl group and R² represent agroup of formula -A¹-NHCH₃ in which A¹ represents (CH₂)_(m),CH₂CH═CHCH₂, CH₂-phenylene-CH₂, or CH₂-cyclohexylene-CH₂, in which m isan integer of from 2 to 8; or (ii) R¹ and R² together represent—(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—N(CH₂CH₃)—(CH₂)₂— or—(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—; and R³ and R⁴ are each independently hydrogen.
 13. Acompound as claimed in claim 12 in which: (i) R¹ represents a methylgroup and R² represent a group of formula -A¹-NHCH₃ in which A¹represents (CH₂)_(m), CH₂CH═CHCH₂, or CH₂-(1,4-phenylene)-CH₂, in whichm is 2 or 3; or (ii) R¹ and R² together represent —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₂—,—(CH₂)₂—N(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—, —(CH₂)₂—N(CH₂CH₃)—(CH₂)₂— or —(CH₂)₂—NH—(CH₂)₃—.14. (canceled)
 15. (canceled)
 16. (canceled)
 17. (canceled)
 18. Aprocess for the preparation of a compound as claimed in claim 1, whichcomprises: (a) reacting a compound of formula (II)

or a reactive derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (III)HNR¹R²  (III) or a salt thereof, in which R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are asdefined in claim 1, or (b) for a compound of formula (I) in which R⁵ orR⁷ represents a hydrogen atom, deprotecting a compound of formula (IV)

in which R^(1a) and R^(2a) are as defined in claim 1 for R¹ and R²,except in that R⁵ or R⁷ is replaced with a group R^(5a) or R^(7a)respectively, in which R^(5a) and R^(7a) each represents an amineprotecting group, and R³ and R⁴ are as defined claim 1; followed, if apharmaceutically-acceptable salt is required, by forming apharmaceutically-acceptable salt.
 19. A pharmaceutical composition,which comprises a therapeutically-effective amount of a compound asclaimed in claim 1, together with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluentor carrier.
 20. (canceled)
 21. A method of treating a conditionresponsive to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which comprises administeringto a patient in need of treatment a therapeutically-effective amount ofa compound as claimed in claim
 1. 22. (canceled)
 23. The method of claim21, wherein the condition responsive to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor isselected from acute myeloid leukemia, small cell lung cancer, prostatecancer, gastrointestinal cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer,restenosis, and growth of a solid tumor.
 24. A compound as claimed inclaim 1, which is selected from:3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(2-methylaminoethyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-methylaminopropyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-methylaminobutyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(5-methylaminopentyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(6-methylaminohexyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(7-methylaminoheptyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(8-methylaminooctyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(9-methylaminononyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(10-methylaminodecyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(12-methylaminododecyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-methylaminobut-2-enyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(8-methylamino-3,6-dioxaoctyl)-propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(11-methylamino-3,6,9-trioxaundecyl)propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-methylaminomethylphenyl-methyl)propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(4-methylaminomethylphenyl-methyl)propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-methylaminomethylcyclohexyl-methyl)propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-[2′-methylaminomethylbiphen-2-ylmethyl]propionamide;3-[2,4-dimethyl-5-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-indol-3-ylidenemethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methyl-N-(3-[4-(3-methylaminopropyl)-piperazin-1-yl]propyl)propionamide;3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(piperidin-4-ylpropyl)piperidin-1-ylpropyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one;3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-(3-oxo-3-homopiperazin-1-ylpropyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one;3-[3,5-dimethyl-4-[3-oxo-3-(1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecan-1-yl)-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene]-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one;and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof.